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Abstract
This paper explores the Islamic ethic of ’Insāniyyah (humanism) by examining its foundational principles in the Qur’ān and Sunnah, particularly in relation to human dignity, universal brotherhood, and moral justice. Drawing upon classical and contemporary Islamic scholarship, it argues that humanism in Islam is not a product of secular evolution or philosophical abstraction, but a divinely inspired framework embedded in revelation. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach grounded in textual analysis and library research, highlighting the limitations of secular humanism in addressing the spiritual, ethical, and communal needs of modern societies. In contrast, the Islamic worldview presents a holistic conception of the human person, one that integrates moral agency, divine accountability, and the shared origin of humanity. The paper contends that a rediscovery of ’Insāniyyah, as envisioned in Islamic thought, offers valuable guidance for fostering peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and global justice in an increasingly fragmented world. It concludes that Islamic humanism, if authentically understood and practically applied, holds enduring potential to restore the sanctity of human life and promote an inclusive moral order.
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References
- Al-Alwani, Taha Jabir. Adab al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Islām [The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam]. Translated by Abdul Wahid Hamid. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 1993.
- Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid. Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn [The Revival of the Religious Sciences]. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, n.d.
- Al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq. Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿah. Edited by Shākir Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1969.
- Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qur’ān. Cairo: Maktabat Dār al-Turāth, n.d.
- Al-Zarkashī, Badr al-Dīn. Al-Burhān fī ʿUlūm al-Qur’ān. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1957.
- al-ʿAsqalānī, Ibn Ḥajar. Fatḥ al-Bārī bi Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Cairo: Dar al-Maʿrifah, n.d.
- Auda, Jasser. Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 2008.
- Hamidullah, Muhammad. The First Written Constitution in the World. Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1968.
- Nyazee, Imran Ahsan Khan. Theories of Islamic Law: The Methodology of Ijtihad. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute Press, 2000.
- M.A.S. Abdel Haleem The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
- Ramadan, Tariq. Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Compiled by Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī. Various editions and commentaries.
- Kilani and Suberu (2015), Madinah consititution …..
- Cambridge Dictionary, Humanism, 2023, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/humanism.
- American Humanist Association, “What Is Humanism?”, accessed March 2023, https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/.
- Muhammad Mumtaz Ali, Contemporary Islamic Political Thought: A Study of Muslim Thinkers (Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2009), 88.
- American Humanist Association, “What Is Humanism?”.
- Ali, Contemporary Islamic Political Thought, 89.
- Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 3270; authenticated by al-Albānī in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tirmidhī.
- Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji. Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1982.
- Jamil, M., Syed Zamanat Abbas, Ammar Abdel Amir Al-Salami, Forqan Ali Hussein Al-Khafaji, Natalya Ryafikovna Saenko, and Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel. “Islamic Teachings and Religious Brotherhood in the Islamic Society.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 79, no. 1 (2023): a8369. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8369.
- Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid. Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, n.d.
- Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Islam: The Future Civilization. Cairo: Islamic Book Center, 1998.
- Az-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah. At-Tafsīr al-Munīr. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1998.
- Aṭ-Ṭanṭāwī, Muḥammad Sayyid. At-Tafsīr al-Wasīṭ li-l-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 2008.
- Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Compiled by Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī. Various editions and commentaries.
- Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Compiled by Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj. Various editions and commentaries.
- Ṣahayb Saᶜīd. (n.d.). Al-’Ukhuwwah fil-Qur’ānil-Karīm: Mafāhīm wa Mūjibāt. Retrieved May 3, 2020, from http://www.quranica.com
- Qutb, Sayyid. Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān. Vol. 4, 36th ed. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 2000, 235.
- Al-Ashqar, A. (2012). Islamic Institutions and Global Ethics: A Study of Islamic NGOs. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
- Ayoob, M. (2008). The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. University of Michigan Press.
- Bin Bayyah, A. (2013). The Objectives of Shariah in Contemporary Contexts. Abu Dhabi: Forum for Promoting Peace in Muslim Societies.
- Esposito, J., & Mogahed, D. (2007). Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think. Gallup Press.
- Fazlur Rahman. (1982). Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. University of Chicago Press.
- Marshall, K., & Shea, R. (2011). Religion and Conflict Case Study: Muslim Peace Fellowship. Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs, Georgetown University.
- Nasr, S. H. (1996). Religion and the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press.
- Wadud, A. (1999). Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective. Oxford University Press.
References
Al-Alwani, Taha Jabir. Adab al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Islām [The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam]. Translated by Abdul Wahid Hamid. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 1993.
Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid. Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn [The Revival of the Religious Sciences]. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, n.d.
Al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq. Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿah. Edited by Shākir Muḥammad. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1969.
Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qur’ān. Cairo: Maktabat Dār al-Turāth, n.d.
Al-Zarkashī, Badr al-Dīn. Al-Burhān fī ʿUlūm al-Qur’ān. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1957.
al-ʿAsqalānī, Ibn Ḥajar. Fatḥ al-Bārī bi Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Cairo: Dar al-Maʿrifah, n.d.
Auda, Jasser. Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 2008.
Hamidullah, Muhammad. The First Written Constitution in the World. Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1968.
Nyazee, Imran Ahsan Khan. Theories of Islamic Law: The Methodology of Ijtihad. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute Press, 2000.
M.A.S. Abdel Haleem The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Ramadan, Tariq. Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Compiled by Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī. Various editions and commentaries.
Kilani and Suberu (2015), Madinah consititution …..
Cambridge Dictionary, Humanism, 2023, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/humanism.
American Humanist Association, “What Is Humanism?”, accessed March 2023, https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/.
Muhammad Mumtaz Ali, Contemporary Islamic Political Thought: A Study of Muslim Thinkers (Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2009), 88.
American Humanist Association, “What Is Humanism?”.
Ali, Contemporary Islamic Political Thought, 89.
Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 3270; authenticated by al-Albānī in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Tirmidhī.
Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji. Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1982.
Jamil, M., Syed Zamanat Abbas, Ammar Abdel Amir Al-Salami, Forqan Ali Hussein Al-Khafaji, Natalya Ryafikovna Saenko, and Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel. “Islamic Teachings and Religious Brotherhood in the Islamic Society.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 79, no. 1 (2023): a8369. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v79i1.8369.
Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid. Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, n.d.
Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Islam: The Future Civilization. Cairo: Islamic Book Center, 1998.
Az-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah. At-Tafsīr al-Munīr. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1998.
Aṭ-Ṭanṭāwī, Muḥammad Sayyid. At-Tafsīr al-Wasīṭ li-l-Qur’ān al-Karīm. Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 2008.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Compiled by Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī. Various editions and commentaries.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Compiled by Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj. Various editions and commentaries.
Ṣahayb Saᶜīd. (n.d.). Al-’Ukhuwwah fil-Qur’ānil-Karīm: Mafāhīm wa Mūjibāt. Retrieved May 3, 2020, from http://www.quranica.com
Qutb, Sayyid. Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān. Vol. 4, 36th ed. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 2000, 235.
Al-Ashqar, A. (2012). Islamic Institutions and Global Ethics: A Study of Islamic NGOs. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr.
Ayoob, M. (2008). The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. University of Michigan Press.
Bin Bayyah, A. (2013). The Objectives of Shariah in Contemporary Contexts. Abu Dhabi: Forum for Promoting Peace in Muslim Societies.
Esposito, J., & Mogahed, D. (2007). Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think. Gallup Press.
Fazlur Rahman. (1982). Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. University of Chicago Press.
Marshall, K., & Shea, R. (2011). Religion and Conflict Case Study: Muslim Peace Fellowship. Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs, Georgetown University.
Nasr, S. H. (1996). Religion and the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press.
Wadud, A. (1999). Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective. Oxford University Press.