STATE CAPACITY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN NIGERIA: EVALUATING THE CHALLENGES FACED BY THE BUHARI ADMINISTRATION IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC

Abstract

Nigeria, since the inception of its Fourth Republic in 1999, has faced numerous challenges in its pursuit of 
sustainable development. Two critical dimensions that have emerged as key challenges are state capacity 
and income inequality. This study examines the relationship between state capacity and income inequality 
in Nigeria, focusing on the tenure of the Buhari administration in the Fourth Republic. State capacity, 
defined as the ability of the government to effectively implement policies and provide public goods, is 
crucial for addressing socioeconomic disparities. However, under President Muhammadu Buhari's 
administration, Nigeria has faced significant challenges in enhancing state capacity, including institutional 
weaknesses, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure. These challenges have exacerbated income 
inequality, as the government struggles to implement redistributive policies and foster economic growth. 
The research highlights how these factors, alongside global economic trends and domestic political 
dynamics, have hindered efforts to reduce inequality. By analyzing the intersection of state capacity and 
economic inequality, the study provides insights into the policy failures and structural obstacles that 
continue to impede equitable development in Nigeria. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive 
reforms to strengthen state institutions and promote inclusive growth, offering recommendations for future 
administrations to address these persistent issues.