An Investigation on the Economic Impact of Congolese Refugees on Host Communities in Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District

Abstract

This study investigated the economic impact of Congolese refugees on host communities in the Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, Uganda, using a sample of 200 refugees. The research explored how the presence of refugees affects local economies, focusing on employment, household income, agricultural productivity, and small business activities. Data was collected through household surveys, interviews with key stakeholders, and focus group discussions, offering a comprehensive view of the economic interactions between refugees and host communities. The findings revealed mixed economic impacts. On one hand, refugees contribute positively to the local economy by filling labor gaps in agriculture and small-scale trade, thus enhancing the livelihoods of some host community members. Refugees’ involvement in the local labor market, particularly in agricultural activities, has increased overall productivity. However, the influx of refugees has also strained local resources, particularly land, healthcare, and education services, leading to competition for these resources. Many host households report increased pressure on food security and limited access to land, as refugees often engage in agricultural activities that drive up demand for available arable land. The study further indicated that the establishment of refugee-run businesses has created employment opportunities for both refugees and host community members, though the profitability of these ventures remains low due to limited access to capital and market constraints. The study recommends that policies should be put in place to strengthen the integration of refugees into local economies while mitigating resource competition. This includes promoting sustainable agricultural practices, providing targeted economic support for small business ventures, and improving public services such as healthcare and education to alleviate strain on the host community. Additionally, mechanisms for shared resource management between refugees and hosts should be explored to ensure equitable distribution. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that harnesses the economic potential of refugees while addressing the challenges faced by host communities. Ensuring that refugees can contribute positively without overwhelming local resources is critical for fostering long-term peace, stability, and mutual benefit in the region. The study highlights the importance of inclusive economic policies that recognize the interdependence of refugees and host communities in development planning.