Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences
Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences is the official journal of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of the Islamic university in Uganda. It is a peer reviewed journal published for the subject’s fields: Economics, Political Science, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Mass Communication, Geography, Development studies, Literature, Languages and Linguistics, Social Work and Social Administration. It aims at providing an objective focus on research geared towards broadening space and encouraging dialogue in social sciences with professional relevance on social, economic, and political welfare of the society. MANAGING EDITOR SSEKANNYO ISA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES issekannyo@gmail.com EDITOR – IN – CHIEF LUWEMBA MUSA DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE luwemba20@gmail.com luwemba.musa@iuiu.ac.ug
Monetary Policy, Renewable Energy Consumption, And Carbon Emissions Dynamics In Sub- Sahara Africa
This study investigates the dynamic relationship between monetary policy, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2024. Using annual panel data and a pooled mean group autoregressive distributed lag (PMG/ARDL) framework, the analysis examined both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships while accounting for cross-country heterogeneity. The empirical results indicated the existence of a stable long-run relationship among monetary policy, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions. Renewable energy consumption exhibited a positive long-run association with monetary aggregates, suggesting that sustained renewable energy development is linked to financial expansion over time. In contrast, carbon emissions do not display a significant long-run relationship with monetary policy, indicating limited environmental responsiveness within conventional monetary frameworks. Short-run effects are largely insignificant, highlighting the gradual nature of monetary transmission in the region. Overall, the findings suggested that monetary policy alone has limited capacity to influence environmental outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and underscore the importance of complementary fiscal and regulatory measures to support the energy transition and emissions mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences
External Debt Servicing and Growth Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a Panel ARDL Framework
Sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) persistent debt–growth paradox remains a central concern in development economics. Although external borrowing has traditionally been viewed as a mechanism for supporting capital accumulation and structural transformation, rising debt-servicing obligations have renewed concerns about fiscal crowding-out and weakened growth performance. This study empirically examines how debt servicing mediates the relationship between external borrowing and economic growth in SSA over the period 1996–2024, addressing a gap in the literature that has largely emphasised debt stock rather than flow burdens. Using a balanced panel of 39 SSA countries, the analysis employs the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model, which is well suited to the region’s heterogeneous economies and accounts for cross-sectional dependence and mixed integration orders while distinguishing short-run dynamics from long-run relationships. The results indicate that external debt exerts a negative but statistically insignificant long-run effect on growth, whereas debt servicing generates a significant short-run crowding-out effect. Human capital remains a consistently positive driver of growth, while Investment shows weak effects, pointing to inefficiencies in capital use. Rather than advancing new theory, the study provides empirical clarification by showing that growth constraints in SSA stem less from debt accumulation per se than from servicing pressures interacting with institutional weaknesses. The findings highlight the importance of prioritising productive debt-financed investment, strengthening institutional capacity, and pursuing fiscal reforms that support growth while maintaining debt sustainability.
Neglect or Repression? A Comparative Analysis of Urban Governance and the Socio-Economic Vulnerability of Street-Based Populations in Zanzibar and Kampala
Street-based livelihoods whether through vending or begging remain persistent indicators of urban poverty across African cities, paradoxically coexisting with concentrated wealth and ambitious urban modernization agendas. This paper presents a comparative analysis of socio-economic vulnerability among street vendors and the urban poor in Zanzibar Town, Tanzania, and Kampala, Uganda, drawing on primary survey data from Zanzibar (2014, n = 59) and secondary literature on Kampala's informal economy. The Zanzibar findings reveal that lack of alternative income sources (45.8%), physical fitness among 52.5% of beggars, and the near-total absence of formal Zakat assistance (96.6% never received it) define the landscape of street-level poverty. In Kampala, an estimated 230,000 individuals depend on street vending, yet face systematic evictions and repression under the Kampala Capital City Authority. While both cities exhibit structural economic exclusion as the primary driver of street-based survival, their policy responses diverge sharply: Zanzibar exhibits benign neglect with underutilized Islamic charitable mechanisms, whereas Kampala pursues aggressive spatial expulsion without adequate alternative livelihoods. Encouragingly, over 83% of Zanzibar's beggars expressed a definitive desire to cease begging if alternatives existed. The paper argues that neither approach addresses fundamental vulnerabilities and recommends formalized social protection, digitized Zakat distribution, and inclusive urban planning that recognizes street-based livelihoods as legitimate economic strategies.
From Reactive To Proactive: Enhancing The Nigeria Police Force'S Effectiveness In Fighting Kidnapping
Kidnapping has evolved into a dominant and sophisticated security challenge in Nigeria, transitioning from politically driven abductions to an organized, profit-driven enterprise. Despite its constitutional mandate, the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) has largely adopted reactive tactics—characterized by delayed responses, ransom negotiations, and inadequate coordination. This paper argues for a strategic shift from reactive to proactive policing models. Drawing on extensive literature and empirical observations, the study identifies critical shortcomings of the NPF, including inadequate funding, weak intelligence networks, outdated equipment, corruption, poor community relations, and lack of inter-agency synergy. To address these issues, the study proposes six proactive pillars: intelligence-led policing, community engagement, technological integration, capacity building, inter-agency collaboration, and addressing root socioeconomic drivers of crime. Through these, a holistic and anticipatory approach is recommended to mitigate kidnapping and restore public confidence in the NPF as a credible law enforcement institution.
Waste Management Practices of Selected Lounges in Ibadan Metropolis: Implications for Sustainable Urban Tourism
Waste management practices are a critical component of sustainable tourism development. To better understand the implications of waste management procedures for sustainable tourism, the study aimed to investigate the waste management practices of some selected lounges in the city of Ibadan. The method used in this study was a qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews and content analysis to explore waste management practices. In addition, the research offers a thorough evaluation of the approaches now in use, the difficulties encountered, and their effects on environmental sustainability. The findings reveal that most lounges rely primarily on basic waste disposal methods and lack formal recycling or compositing systems. Significant obstacles to efficient waste management techniques are expensive trash disposal, a lack of room for waste storage, and poor staff training. Furthermore, it highlights how crucial it is to promote sustainable tourism by modernizing waste management infrastructure and enhancing compliance with legal requirements. The study recommends improving staff training, investing in recycling infrastructures and strengthening waste management regulations. Lounges in the city of Ibadan can improve their waste management procedures by implementing these approaches, which would ultimately advance environmental sustainability and help achieve the more general objectives of sustainable urban tourism. Although these lounges contribute to fostering a cleaner urban environment, there are notable gaps in their approach, as seen by the ways their practices do not entirely fit with overall waste management sustainability goals. This study offers beneficial insights into how waste management is currently going in the hospitality industry and makes feasible suggestions for promoting sustainability in the city of Ibadan.
Social Entrepreneurship As A Mechanism For Poverty Reduction: Evidence From Southwestern Nigeria
Poverty remains one of the most persistent developmental challenges in Nigeria, particularly in rural and peri-urban areas where unemployment, income inequality, and weak institutional support limit opportunities for sustainable livelihoods. In recent years, social entrepreneurship has emerged as a promising alternative mechanism for addressing poverty through innovative, inclusive, and locally driven solutions. This study examined the role of social entrepreneurship as a mechanism for poverty reduction in Southwestern Nigeria. A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining survey data from 250 respondents (comprising 50 social entrepreneurs, 180 beneficiaries, and 20 local government officials) with key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative responses were thematically interpreted using Braun and Clarke's (2013) six-step framework. The findings revealed that social entrepreneurship has significantly improved income generation, employment creation, and access to essential services among low-income households. Regression analysis indicated that social entrepreneurship activities explained 62.3% of the variation in poverty reduction outcomes (R² = 0.623, p < 0.05). However, challenges such as inadequate funding, weak policy frameworks, and low public awareness hindered wider impact. The study concludes that social entrepreneurship can serve as a sustainable mechanism for poverty reduction if adequately supported through enabling policies, access to finance, and capacity building. The paper recommends the establishment of regional hubs for social innovation and stronger public–private partnerships to scale impactful ventures across Southwestern Nigeria.
Political Inclusion: A Critical Response To The National Questions In Nigeria’S Fourth Republic
The article explores the past to justify the present in the history of co-existence among political groups in Nigeria. Ethnic groups and political instability are threat to the national unity in the country. While this is true, the article argues that trend in Nigeria shows there has been frequent political crises that resulted in the successive military coup d’ etat and counter coups in an attempt to hold power for controlling the national resources after the political independence. However, the article problematizes around the demand for restructuring of the federation and the elaboration of government structures in the country. The article contests that the national questions may mitigate the issue in the Fourth Republic of Nigeria. Rather, it addresses the restructuring of the federal structure among the ethnic groups after the restoration of democratic system in 1999 under President Olusegun Obasanjo and aftermath. It is argued that national questions are not challenging issues but a pathway to dialogue in the federal system. The article submits that in the Fourth Republic, political participation becomes the viable option in the corporate existence of the ethnic political groups. Political participation reflects the practice of civic responsibilities for decision-making process in a democratic system. The active participation of the citizens would contribute to nation building and political institution that delivers the campaign promises to the people in the Fourth Republic. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores the background framework of the national question and analysis from the context of the Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, focusing on political participation, governance, statement of the problems, and response toward the national question in Nigeria.
Socio-Economic and Institutional Determinants of Students’ Attitudes towards Forestry Courses in Southwestern Nigeria
The study examined the socio-economic and institutional determinants of students’ attitudes towards forestry courses in Southwestern Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents from four tertiary institutions offering forestry programmes. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logit regression.The results showed that the respondents had a mean age of 24.6 years and were fairly balanced by gender, with 48% male and 52% female. Most respondents were within the 20–25 years age group, while a considerable proportion received about $13–$26 (₦20,000–₦40,000), with a mean of about $21 (₦31,500) as monthly allowance Institutional assessment revealed that practical training (mean = 3.00) and lecturers’ academic support (mean = 3.08) were adequate, whereas departmental funding (mean = 2.36) and availability of modern equipment (mean = 2.46) were inadequate. Overall, students demonstrated a generally positive attitude towards forestry courses, with high levels of interest and motivation, although societal recognition was perceived as low.The regression results indicated that age (β = 0.215), academic level (β = 0.342), monthly allowance (β = 0.287), teaching facilities (β = 0.310), practical training (β = 0.420), internet access (β = 0.255), and internship opportunities (β = 0.360) significantly influenced students’ attitudes, while departmental funding had a negative effect (β = −0.290). The model showed a good fit (Pseudo R² = 0.41). The study concluded that improving institutional support and enhancing students’ financial capacity would strengthen positive attitudes towards forestry education.
An Assessment Of The Learners’ Awareness Of The Role Of Trees In The Conservation Of Water-Shed Quality: A Case Study Of Manafwa River Watershed In Bududa District In Uganda
Manafwa valley is a Sub catchment of Kyoga Water Management Zone, one of the four Water Management Zones of Uganda. It is the main source of fresh water for the densely populated city of Mbale and other towns within the watershed. It is a large watershed accommodating a large section of the people of eastern Uganda. In general, the conservation and management of water-shed quality in the Manafwa valley has become a problem. It, therefore, among others has to be conserved using various approaches like tree planting, good farming practices and protecting Mt Elgon National Park. It was upon this background that, this study was designed to investigate the learners’ awareness of the role of trees in conservation and management of Manafwa Valley Water-Shed quality. It tried to find out, among others, if learners were aware of the role of trees in removing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere protecting the soils, attracting rains and moderating the atmospheric temperatures. Questionnaires were used as a major tool for data collection. The data was analysed using Scientific Package for Social Research (SPSS) and the results presented through percentages and descriptive statistics. The results showed that, majority of the respondents were aware of the role of trees such as acting as a remover of carbon from the atmosphere attracting rainfall, protecting the soil from both wind and water erosions in addition to regulating environmental temperatures. In general, the study concluded that learners could be involved in conservation and management of Manafwa watershed through the planting of trees.
Global Economic Resilience and Risk: Technological Development, Geopolitical Obstacles, and Development in 2026
A contradiction indicates the global economy in 2026: while technological advancements continue to increase productivity and resilience, geopolitical threats are progressively undermining stability. In the mid-2020s, the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2026) forecasts 3.3% global growth, which reflects both confidence and worry. The sources and limits of global growth are assessed in this article through a comparative synthesis of sectoral analysis and institutional forecasts. Reports on renewable energy transitions (IEA, 2025; BloombergNEF, 2025), artificial intelligence (Goldman Sachs, 2025; McKinsey, 2025), and the growth of digital trade (UNCTAD, 2025; World Bank, 2025) are cited as sources of evidence. Studies of protectionist policies (PIIE, 2025), trade obstacles (NBER, 2025; CEPR, 2025), and regional conflicts (Brookings, 2025; Chatham House, 2025) are used to analyses countervailing pressures. Research indicates that while adoption of renewable energy increases resilience against supply and climatic shocks, technology innovation particularly artificial intelligence improves productivity and efficiency across industries. Despite physical obstacles, online trading emerges as a crucial facilitator of cross-border commerce, maintaining pace. However, growing trade restrictions, protectionist policies, and instability in the region weaken cooperative frameworks, divide supply networks, and erode institutional confidence. The analysis draws attention to the conflict between resilience driven by innovation and fragility brought on by geopolitics. In 2026, maintaining global prosperity will necessitate striking a balance between renewed multilateral collaboration and technological advancement. The paradox of resilience in the face of instability might continue without concerted policy measures, influencing the course of the world economy in the middle of the 2020s.
Cyber Intelligence And Hybrid Warfare In Middle Eastern Security Conflicts: The Iran–Israel Shadow War
This study examined the role of cyber intelligence and hybrid warfare in Middle Eastern security conflicts, with particular emphasis on the Iran–Israel shadow war between 2010 and 2025. The study explored the evolving dynamics of the conflict, the influence of cyber intelligence operations on strategic decision-making, the role of proxy actors in advancing national interests, the impact of emerging technologies on warfare, and the broader implications for regional and global security. A qualitative research design was adopted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex and multidimensional nature of the conflict. Data were collected from secondary sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, scholarly books, policy documents, intelligence reports, and credible open-source materials. Content analysis was employed as the method of data analysis to systematically identify, categorize, and interpret recurring themes and patterns within the data. The findings revealed that the Iran–Israel rivalry has evolved into a sustained hybrid conflict characterized by the integration of cyber operations, intelligence activities, proxy warfare, and technological innovation. Cyber intelligence emerged as a critical tool for espionage, surveillance, deterrence, and strategic disruption, while proxy actors served as important instruments of indirect power projection and regional influence. The study further found that advances in artificial intelligence, cyber surveillance, and autonomous systems have transformed the conduct of modern warfare by enhancing intelligence capabilities, operational efficiency, and targeting precision. The study concluded that the increasing normalization of cyber warfare and proxy conflict poses significant challenges to regional stability, international security, and global cyber governance, highlighting the need for stronger regulatory frameworks and cooperative mechanisms for managing emerging security threats.
Procurement Dynamics in Infrastructure Development: Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPPS) For Sustainable Growth in Nigeria
ABSTRACT Procurement arrangements increasingly condition the performance, bankability, and durability of public-private partnership infrastructure projects in Nigeria. Particular attention is paid to procurement as the institutional space where contractual design, organisational behaviour, and financial structuring intersect throughout the project lifecycle. Empirical coverage spans eight major PPP infrastructure projects across transport, energy, aviation, maritime logistics, and urban mobility sectors, reflecting Nigeria’s contemporary infrastructure landscape. A mixed-method, comparative case study design was adopted to capture both process-driven and performance-related dimensions of PPP procurement. The analysis combined a thematic examination of experiential and institutional evidence with systematic documentary analysis and descriptive quantitative indicators drawn from procurement and project records. Thematic analysis served as the primary analytical tool, complemented by cross-case comparison and contextual quantitative measures relating to timelines, approvals, and contractual adjustments. The results reveal recurring patterns across projects, including weak project preparation, strained bid evaluation processes, ambiguous allocation of revenue and macroeconomic risks, prolonged transitions to financial close, coordination gaps among oversight bodies, and governance pressures during implementation. These patterns demonstrate how early procurement-stage decisions reverberate through financing, contract management, and lifecycle performance. The analysis highlights the centrality of procurement governance to project bankability, institutional credibility, and long-term infrastructure value, offering insights of direct relevance to advancing sustainable infrastructure delivery through PPPs in complex institutional environments.
Childhood Trauma, Rumination, Emotional Avoidance, Social Isolation, and Psychological Inflexibility as Predictors of PTSD Symptoms among Trauma Survivors in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
This study examined childhood trauma, rumination, emotional avoidance, social isolation, and psychological inflexibility as predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among trauma survivors in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design with a sample of 180 trauma survivors selected through multistage sampling technique. Standardised instruments including the PCL-5, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Ruminative Responses Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II were used for data collection. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 significance level. Results revealed that all variables had significant positive relationships with PTSD symptoms, with childhood trauma (r = 0.68), psychological inflexibility (r = 0.66), rumination (r = 0.63), social isolation (r = 0.62), and emotional avoidance (r = 0.60). The regression analysis showed that the variables jointly explained 66% of the variance in PTSD symptoms (R² = 0.66, F = 69.44, p < .05). Furthermore, childhood trauma (β = 0.40) and psychological inflexibility (β = 0.38) were the strongest predictors of PTSD symptoms. The study concludes that PTSD symptoms are significantly influenced by cognitive, emotional, and social vulnerabilities among trauma survivors. It recommends integrated trauma-focused and psychosocial interventions to reduce PTSD severity in the study area.
Epistemic Injustice And Political Marginalization In Africa
This paper examines the interconnected phenomena of epistemic injustice and political marginalization in African contexts, arguing that these constitute enduring legacies of colonialism that continue to shape knowledge production, governance structures, and social relations across the continent. Through a comprehensive analysis of diverse literature, we demonstrate how epistemic injustice (manifested through the systematic exclusion, devaluation, and misrepresentation of African knowledge systems and ways of knowing) serves as both a foundation for and perpetuating mechanism of political marginalization. The paper explores theoretical frameworks of epistemic injustice developed by scholars like Miranda Fricker and decolonial thinkers. Our analysis reveals how Western-centric knowledge systems continue to dominate academic and policy spaces, effectively silencing African voices and perspectives while normalising Euro-centric epistemologies as universal. The paper concludes by discussing strategies of resistance and decolonization, proposing concrete measures to advance epistemic justice through educational transformation, institutional reform, and the centering of previously marginalized knowledge systems. This research contributes to ongoing debates about decolonization, restorative justice, and the transformation of knowledge production systems in Africa and beyond.
Re-examining the Feldstein-Horioka Hypothesis: Savings-Investment Dynamics in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL and NARDL Approach
This study investigates the dynamic relationship between domestic savings and investment in Nigeria: testing the validity of the Feldstein-Horioka (F-H) hypothesis from 1980 to 2023. The study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models to examine the long-run and short-run interactions between savings and investment. Additionally, the Toda-Yamamoto (T-Y) causality test is applied to determine the direction of causality between the variables. The ARDL results show a strong and positive long-run relationship between savings and investment, consistent with the F-H hypothesis, indicating low capital mobility. Specifically, a 1% increase in savings leads to a 1.229% rise in investment, while a 1% rise in investment increases savings by 0.728%, both statistically significant. The NARDL model reveals asymmetric effects: positive savings shocks significantly increase investment, while negative shocks have insignificant effects. In the short run, savings strongly influence investment, and vice versa, with significant error correction terms indicating convergence toward equilibrium. The Toda-Yamamoto test confirms bidirectional causality between savings and investment, reinforcing the notion of limited capital mobility in Nigeria. The findings suggest that Nigeria’s financial markets are not fully integrated with global capital markets. Policymakers should focus on reducing structural barriers and strengthening the financial system to enhance capital mobility and attract foreign investments. This study’s novelty lies in its application of both linear and nonlinear models to capture the asymmetric dynamics of savings and investment. It also provides empirical support for the F-H hypothesis in the Nigerian context, using robust causality tests and recent data.
Mortality As Liberator Of Victimised Womanhood In Selected Works Of Nawal El-Saadawi And Sofola
Humans generally desire to live and to enjoy life to its fullest. No normal person wants to die, even in the face of debilitating challenges. To think of freedom as being possible only at death is superfluous and can only provide temporal feeling of relief not supported by empirical evidence. This paper examines the feminist ideals in the works of El Saadawi and Sofola, particularly, of the protagonist and the heroine belief in death as the best way out of the problems of patriarchy and matriarchy. The theoretical thrust is to deconstruct this line of belief and discourage further thinking along this direction. The paper adopts an analytical content approach to unveil the idea that, that many families fail in their responsibilities of providing the basic needs for human survival, love, adequate education, and security, which are the ties for harmonious up-bringing of female children. It further discovers that forced marriages depress and destroy the woman, and may cause the woman to wish away the marriage even by death either of her husband or of herself. The study recommends that female children should allowed to grow to full maturity before they go into a complex issue such as marriage.
Exploring The Support Services Provided By The Nigerian High Commission To Nigerian Students In Uganda: A Case Study
This study explores the support services provided by the Nigerian High Commission to Nigerian students in Uganda, with a focus on understanding the importance of these services, the role of the High Commission, and the challenges faced by Nigerian students. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The study purposively surveyed targeted Nigerian students studying in Ugandan universities and efforts to survey officials at the Nigerian High Commission in Uganda. The findings reveal that Nigerian students in Uganda face significant challenges, including language barriers, financial difficulties, and cultural adaptation issues. The lack of awareness about support services offered by the Nigerian High Commission is a significant concern, with 80.6% of respondents unaware of these services. The study also highlights the need for targeted support services, such as financial support, health insurance, and visa and students’ pass assistance, to cater to the unique needs of Nigerian students. The study’s findings have significant implications for the Nigerian High Commission’s role in supporting its citizens abroad. By understanding the challenges faced by Nigerian students and providing essential support services, the high commission can better fulfill its mandate and support the well-being of Nigerian students. The study’s findings also highlight the need for further research and policy interventions to address the challenges faced by Nigerian students in Uganda. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of diplomatic missions in supporting international students and informs policy and practice, both in Nigeria and Uganda, to develop more effective support services for international students.
Combating Terrorism And Insurgency In The North-East, Nigeria: A Case Of Boko Haram
Terrorism and insurgency pose formidable challenges globally, with Nigeria grappling with Boko Haram's persistent threat in its northeastern region. Despite government efforts, the menace endures. This study examines Nigeria's counter- terrorism strategy to combat Boko Haram insurgency, analyzes the insurgency's root causes, and evaluates previous approaches effectiveness. Utilizing secondary sources and historical/analytical methodologies, this research argues that the government's military-centric approach has not resolved the issue and may have exacerbated it. An alternative strategy combining kinetic and non-kinetic methods is proposed, emphasizing collaboration with neighboring countries and international partners, notably powerful states. This paper contributes to the discourse on combating terrorism and insurgency, offering policy-relevant insights to address Boko Haram's persistence in Nigeria.
Electoral Violence and Party Politics in Nigeria, Africa: Insights from the Rivers State Local Government Election
Nigeria is widely regarded, both within Africa and beyond, as a nation expected to lead by example in upholding democratic principles and best practices. However, since gaining independence in 1960, its electoral process has been consistently undermined by violence, casting a shadow over its democratic development and governance. Electoral violence remains a critical challenge to democratic consolidation in Nigeria, often fueled by party politics and intense political rivalries. This study i) examine the key factors contributing to electoral violence in Rivers State, ii) to assess the role of political parties, security agencies, and other stakeholders in either mitigating or exacerbating electoral violence, iii) To evaluate the impact of electoral violence on democratic governance and political stability in Rivers State. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research techniques to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Data were collected from a combination of primary sources, such as surveys and interviews, and secondary sources, including official reports, academic literature, and media publications. The study therefore recommends that the urgent need for electoral reforms, stronger law enforcement mechanisms, and political will to curb violence and ensure free, fair, and credible elections. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations for mitigating electoral violence and strengthening democratic institutions in Nigeria and beyond.
Examining The Dynamics Of Interfaith Relationships Among Prominent Religions In Nigeran Society: A Case Studies Of Christianity, Islam, And African Traditional Religion In Nigerian Society
Nigeria is a religiously diverse society where Christianity, Islam, and African Traditional Religion (ATR) coexist, often shaping social, cultural, and political interactions. This study dynamics of interfaith relationships among prominent religions in nigeran society: a case studies of Christianity, Islam, and Traditional beliefs, with particular attention to tolerance, trust, interfaith participation, and the influence of demographic factors. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 200 respondents, including community members and religious leaders in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State, using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to address the research questions and test the hypotheses. Findings revealed moderate levels of tolerance and interfaith participation, with significant differences across religious groups in trust, tolerance, and engagement in interfaith activities. Moreover, demographic factors collectively influenced attitudes toward interfaith relationships, accounting for 37.8% of the variance. The study underscores the importance of interfaith dialogue, collaborative initiatives, and equitable participation in fostering social cohesion. Implications for religious leaders, policymakers, and educators include promoting structured interfaith programs, addressing historical and socio-political divides, and enhancing youth engagement in cooperative religious activities to strengthen peace building efforts.
Framing Patterns of Influencers’ Hate Speech on X During the 2023 Presidential Election Campaign in South-West Nigeria
Digital platforms such as X (formerly Twitter) have expanded the influence of social media influencers in Nigeria’s online political communication, but have also intensified the spread of hate speech during elections. This study examines how selected influencers framed hate speech during the 2023 presidential election campaign. Using quantitative content analysis, posts from three purposively selected influencers; @SeyiLaw1, @AisahYesufu, and @DemolaRewaju, representing APC, LP and PDP were retrieved on Twitter, screened through a validate hate-speech lexicon, and coded into ten framing categories. A total of 1,634 posts were identified and 580 posts consists of hate speech content which were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s HSD test to test differences in the frames. Findings show that influencers employed diverse framing strategies, with foreign interference and economic marginalisation emerging as the most prevalent frames, while victimhood appeared least. ANOVA results indicate statistically significant overall differences in framing patterns across influencers, although post-hoc comparisons revealed no significant pairwise differences. The study contributes to scholarship on digital communication by demonstrating how influencer-generated frames shape the visibility and circulation of hate speech during elections. It also highlights the need for strengthened digital governance and targeted interventions to mitigate the risks associated with influencer-driven polarisation.
The Growth And Evolution Of Gumboot Dance:Examining Its Classification As A Traditional And Contemporary Dance (A Case Study Of South Africa)
Dance is a rhythmic movement of the body, often to music, for expression of feelings, thoughts, ideas or the sole purpose of enjoyment. Dance can be performed variously in accordance to context (Gloria, 2019). Gumboot dance is a notable type of dance in South Africa also traditionally known as Isicathulo which means shoes (Akumbo, 2016). It is a traditional South African dance which emanated from the roots of mining communities. This paper aims to examine the growth and evolution of gumboot dance, examining its classification as a traditional and contemporary type of dance. This study used a qualitative approach to investigate Gumboot dance as one of the prominent dances in South Africa, its modern influences and its tourist and cultural relevance. The qualitative approach is appropriate for this study since it focuses on understanding the meanings, experiences, and interpretations that have shaped gumboot dance's evolution and function in contemporary South African society. The secondary research method/ content analysis is used to examine existing research studies and publications about gumboot dance. This method is suitable for offering a full account of gumboot dance's evolution across time, including current influences, as well as its contribution to tourism and cultural identity. The descriptive analysis focuses on identifying the trends, themes, and patterns in the literatures used. Instead of collecting new data, the analysis focuses on combining current research findings to address crucial issues about gumboot dance's evolution. Implementing recommendations will help preserve, promote, and further develop Gumboot Dance as both a traditional cultural expression and a contemporary performance art in South Africa, ensuring its sustainability for future generations.
Effect Of Traditional Cuisine Promotion On Hotel Patronage In Four-Star Hotels In Ibadan, Nigeria
The current trend of experiential tourism has made gastronomy an important variable in determining customer satisfaction and behavioural intention in the hospitality industry. In this study, the contribution of traditional cuisine promotion on hotel patronage was examined in selected four star hotels in Ibadan, Nigeria and the interest in this study is on the level of promotion, its effect on customer's satisfaction and its implication to customer's loyalty and repeat patronage. A quantitative approach to research by using descriptive survey design approach was adopted. Findings revealed that the traditional cuisine is moderately promoted in four stars hotels. A group majority of mostly the respondents concurred that traditional dishes are on hotel menus (77.3 per cent) and frequently local ingredients are used (77.3 per cent) - while 70.7 per cent agreed that hotels actively advertise indigenous meals through the inclusion and presentation practices on their menus. However, results showed there were weak efforts to preserve the culture as 34.7% of the respondents disagreed that hotels were doing a good job of promoting awareness about local food heritage and 38.7% of the respondents did not agree that food presentation was adequate and representative of cultural values. Despite these limitations, an overwhelming proportion of respondents (86.6 per cent) agreed that indigenous cuisine contributes to the cultural identity which underpins its inherent cultural importance independent from the promotional strategies by hotels. Furthermore, the promotion of traditional cuisine manifested strong positive associations with the outcomes of patronage. About 81.3% of the respondents agreed that traditional cuisine draws tourists, 81.3% said that cultural foods improve the satisfaction of tourists and 81.4% mentioned a higher chance of them to revisit a restaurant when indigenous dishes are served. In addition, 81.4 per cent perceived that traditional cuisine improves the destination image of Ibadan. The study concludes that although the promotion of traditional cuisine has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and hotel patronage, the four star hotels did not fully exploit the potential of traditional cuisine as a vehicle for cultural preservation and hotel marketing. Accordingly, the study recommends the stronger positioning of indigenous cuisine in hotel branding, cultural story enrichment and setting up collaborative culinary tourism initiatives to improve patronage and cultural sustainability.
Climate Change And Security In Africa: Emerging Threats And Policy Responses
Climate change is a multiplier that exacerbates socioeconomic vulnerabilities and threatens governance institutions, climate change is becoming more widely acknowledged as a significant non-traditional security issue in Africa. The continent is disproportionately vulnerable to extreme weather events, such as protracted droughts, frequent flooding, desertification, and coastal erosion, even though it contributes less than 4% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. In order to investigate how climate change worsens human insecurity, this study uses a qualitative, desk-based methodology. It draws from secondary sources from 2019 to 2025, such as scholarly publications, government reports, and institutional studies. The article, which is informed by the Human Security Theory, emphasises how climatic stress strains state capacity and erodes social cohesiveness while undermining livelihoods, food security, health, and housing. Particularly in the Sahel, Lake Chad Basin, and East and Southern Africa, climate-induced resource scarcity, displacement, and loss of livelihood intensify grievances and foster an environment that is conducive to violent extremism and communal violence. The analysis highlights how women, young people, and underprivileged groups are disproportionately vulnerable. The study comes to the conclusion that integrated approaches that connect human security, peace building, and climate adaptation are necessary for effective solutions. Strengthening community-based early-warning systems and mainstreaming climate hazards into security planning are two important policy recommendations., strengthening cross-border resource governance and encouraging gender-responsive adaptation initiatives. By offering a human security-centered paradigm for comprehending and reducing climate-related challenges, the research advances African security scholarship.
The potential of digital financial services to enhance remittance flows, financial inclusion and economic growth
This paper has discussed how digital financial services have potential in promoting remittance flows, financial inclusion, and economic growth in Nigeria. The study was based on Financial Intermediation Theory and Technology Acceptance Model, and the research design applied was cross-sectional survey with primary data gathering involving 137 respondents in Lagos and Abuja through purposive sampling. The descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the data. Results showed that the use of digital financial services has significant and positive impacts on financial inclusion, which explains a great deal of variance in the outcomes of financial inclusion. Remittance flows were also found to have great positive impact on financial inclusion by the recipients. The digital financial services and remittances had an independent positive effect on economic wellbeing, meaning that they are complementary, not substitutes. The paper has concluded that though digital platforms and remittances have the potential to be a transformative source of development, sustainable financial inclusion depends on strong institutional structures, increased digital networks, and increased financial literacy. The recommendations are the focus on rural expansion of digital infrastructure, the creation of meshed financial literacy programs, and the creation of integrated regulatory frameworks that bring digital financial services with remittance corridors to ensure that developmental potentials are maximized.
Parental Involvement As Correlate Of Student'S Learning Outcomes Among Junior Secondary Schools In Ijebu Ode, Ogun State
This study examines the relationship between parental involvement and students' learning outcomes among junior secondary school students in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State. The research aimed to determine the extent of parental engagement in students' academic activities and to investigate its effect on learning outcomes. A descriptive survey design was employed, with 100 students selected through random sampling from five junior secondary schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher, titled "Parental Involvement as Correlate of Students' Learning Outcomes" (PIACSLO) and the analysis was done using simple percentages. The findings revealed that parental involvement significantly influences students' academic performance. Parents who actively monitor their children’s schoolwork, attend school meetings, and provide support during exams tend to foster better learning outcomes. However, challenges such as time constraints and socioeconomic barriers limit some parents from being fully involved in their children's daily academic activities. These results are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the critical role of parental engagement in shaping student success. Based on these findings, the study recommends that parents engage more in their children’s daily academic routines, schools should offer support through parent workshops and regular communication, and policymakers should develop initiatives to enhance parental involvement. The study concludes that stronger parental engagement, supported by schools and communities, can significantly improve students’ academic performance and overall educational development.
EXAMINING FACTORS INFLUENCING ALCOHOL USE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA.
Alcohol use among university students keeps increasing, suggesting that it is a public health issue. As students in developing nations will become part of the labour force in the future, it is therefore important to study alcohol use among university students in Nigeria. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality, psychological well-being, and alcohol use, and gender differences in alcohol use among students of the University of Lagos in Nigeria. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study using questionnaires organised into 4 sections to define the variables under consideration. Section A was designed to measure bio-data of the respondents; Section B used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality; Section C utilised the 18-item Psychological Well-being Scale to measure psychological well-being; and Section D used a scale measuring alcohol use with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). 329 participants (X: 2.74, SD: 3.708) were selected through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique. Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation and the independent-samples t-test were used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that there was a positive relationship between sleep quality and alcohol use(r = .168, p<.01) and psychological well-being (r =- .168, p<.01), and there was a negative relationship with alcohol use; there was a gender difference in alcohol use. The study shows that with better sleep quality, the students use more alcohol and with poor psychological well-being, the students use more alcohol. Additionally, male students consumed more alcohol than female students.
Traditional African Performance and Aesthetics as Drivers of Cultural Tourism Development
Traditional African performance represents a vibrant expression of cultural heritage, integrating music, dance, storytelling, costuming, audience participation, and spirituality. This study examines the role of traditional African performances in promoting cultural tourism and enhancing visitors’ understanding of African values and traditions. These performances provide immersive sensory experiences through rhythmic drumming, melodious singing, and captivating dance routines, while elaborate costumes reflect cultural identity, history, and social structure. Storytelling serves as both entertainment and an educational tool, preserving and transmitting indigenous knowledge to audiences. Furthermore, the spiritual dimension embedded in these performances highlights the connection between people, their ancestors, and the divine, enriching the overall experience. The study concludes that traditional African performances are powerful tools for fostering cultural appreciation, attracting tourists seeking authentic experiences, and contributing to local economic development. Promoting these performances can therefore support sustainable cultural tourism and preserve Africa’s rich cultural heritage.
Electoral Violence and Democratic Governance in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2024 Rivers State Local Government Elections
Nigeria is widely regarded, both within Africa and beyond, as a nation expected to lead by example in upholding democratic principles and best practices. However, since gaining independence in 1960, its electoral process has been consistently undermined by violence, casting a shadow over its democratic development and governance. Electoral violence remains a critical challenge to democratic consolidation in Nigeria, often fueled by party politics and intense political rivalries. This study examines the key factors contributing to electoral violence in Rivers State, to assess the role of political parties, security agencies, and other stakeholders in either mitigating or exacerbating electoral violence, to evaluate the impact of electoral violence on democratic governance and political stability in Rivers State. This study adopted qualitative research techniques to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Data were collected from a combination of primary sources, such as surveys and interviews, and secondary sources, including official reports, academic literature, and media publications. The study found that electoral violence during the 2024 Rivers State Local Government Elections significantly undermined democratic governance by discouraging voter participation, weakening public confidence in electoral institutions, and intensifying political tensions across the state. The findings further revealed that political intimidation, party rivalry, and inadequate security management were major drivers of electoral violence, thereby threatening electoral credibility, political stability, and the consolidation of grassroots democracy in Rivers State. The study therefore recommends that the urgent need for electoral reforms, stronger law enforcement mechanisms, and political will to curb violence and ensure free, fair, and credible elections. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations for mitigating electoral violence and strengthening democratic institutions in Nigeria and beyond.
Internal Party Democracy and Governorship Performance in Lagos State, Nigeria (2003–2018)
The need to examine the problem of governorship performance that has become a recurring feature in all states in Nigeria necessitates this study. To know the implications of internal party democracy on governorship performance in Nigeria, this study examines internal party democracy and governorship performance in Lagos between 2003 and 2018.The objectives of the study are to i) examine the relationship between party candidate selection and governorship performance in Lagos states; ii) examine the impact of party ideology on governorship performance in Lagos States from 2003-2018; The study employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, while data were gathered from primary and secondary sources. Interviews were conducted with state and ward chairman, ward secretary, stakeholders and civil servant from Lagos states APC and PDP. Secondary data was generated from textbooks, journal, internet materials etc. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis were used to analysed data and test the null hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. The findings revealed that there were significant relationship in party candidate selection and party ideology in Lagos State. This means that there is a strong connection or association between how political parties choose their candidates and the ideological principles or beliefs of the parties in Lagos State. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that Party members must be allowed to freely elect those who will carry their party‘s flag during the general election. Political parties must evolve political ideologies and their activities must be guided by the ideologies they so represent.