The New Custom Union in the West African Sub-Region and Its Impacts on Sub-Regional Peace and Economic Development

Abstract

The formation of a new customs union by Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso in West Africa represents a significant step in regional economic integration. West African nations have historically sought various forms of economic cooperation to promote development and stability, with varying levels of success. This study used a historical research design to examine the evolution of regional economic initiatives and their impact on peace and development. It applied the theory of regionalism to explore how regional integration drives economic growth, reduces conflict, and enhances collective self-reliance. The study evaluated the potential benefits of the new customs union, such as increased intra-regional trade, harmonized tariffs, and improved infrastructure, while also addressing challenges like political instability, poor governance, and external economic pressures. The findings suggest that, with strong institutional frameworks and political commitment, the customs union could significantly enhance sub-regional economic development and peace. The conclusion highlights the importance of political stability and regional cooperation for achieving sustainable development. Among its recommendations, the study suggested that the AES (Alliance of Sahel States) should engage in constructive dialogue with ECOWAS and other regional bodies to ensure alignment with broader West African integration goals, fostering mutual understanding and shared initiatives in trade, security, and infrastructure. This study contributed to the broader conversation about regional integration’s role in promoting peace and development in conflict-affected regions.