The Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Mediation in Resolving Conflicts In Uganda

Abstract

This study examined the factors influencing the effectiveness of mediation in resolving conflicts in Uganda, with particular attention to mediator competence, stakeholder participation, institutional support, cultural norms, and trust in the mediation process. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design, employing a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from a sample of 100 respondents, selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques from community leaders, mediators, local council officials, civil society actors, and conflict-affected community members. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews, while secondary data were sourced from policy documents and existing literature. The findings reveal that mediator neutrality and competence, community trust, and inclusive stakeholder participation significantly enhance the effectiveness of mediation in conflict resolution. Conversely, political interference, power imbalances among disputing parties, inadequate legal enforcement mechanisms, and limited institutional capacity were identified as major constraints undermining mediation outcomes. The study further establishes that culturally grounded mediation practices are more effective in resolving community-level conflicts than purely formal approaches. The study concludes that mediation remains a viable and cost-effective conflict resolution mechanism in Uganda; however, its effectiveness is contingent upon institutional strengthening, professionalization of mediators, and integration of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms within the formal justice system. It recommends enhanced capacity-building for mediators, increased government and donor support for mediation institutions, and the development of clear legal frameworks to support the enforcement of mediated agreements. The study also advocates for greater community sensitization to build trust and legitimacy in mediation processes.