The Islamic Concept, “Umma” In International Relations: A Contrast With The Western Conventional Idea Of "Universalism"

Abstract

International Relations (IR) as a field of academic inquiry, although burgeoning, finds its origins and dominant theories steeped largely in Western traditions. This inherent bias significantly hampers its ability to fully grasp, elucidate, and anticipate the dynamics within the non-Western spheres. Amidst the burgeoning efforts to delve into non-Western IR perspectives and thereby enrich the discipline's knowledge base, the Islamic viewpoint, particularly the notion of "Ummah," offers a refreshingly different lens. This concept illuminates a form of global solidarity that starkly contrasts with the prevailing Western notion of "universalism." However, this is driven by the curiosity to understand the conspicuous absence of modern Islamic theories in IR, probing into factors attributable both to the Muslim community and to the prevailing global system underscored by Western dominance. This paper examines the role and interpretation of IR within the Islamic tradition, the influence and place of Islam within the contemporary IR landscape. It also tries to evaluate the potential of Islam to serve as either a comprehensive theory or a paradigm within IR scholarship. It concludes that a nascent model alongside two distinct trajectories—traditional and revolutionary remains valid. These proposed paths endeavours to overcome the current limitations and pave the way for a more inclusive and diverse interpretation of International Relations in the future.