Political Instability: A Barrier to Regional Economic Integration in Africa

Abstract

Regional economic integration (REI) is a key strategy for promoting economic growth and development in Africa. However, in spite of the enormous potential for REI to promote growth, political instability, poses a major hurdle to the functioning of REI. This article examines the impact of political instability on REI in three regional economic communities (RECs) in Africa: the East African Community (EAC), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). In this article we indicate that political instability has a negative impact on REI in all three REI in Africa. We show that in the EAC, political instability has led to the suspension of trade between member states, the delay of regional projects, and a loss of confidence from external investors. We further point out that political instability has contributed to the outbreak of conflict, the displacement of people, and the destruction of infrastructure in SADC. Finally, we argue that political instability has led to coups d'état, civil wars, and the displacement of millions of people in ECOWAS. The article concludes that political instability is a major obstacle to REI in Africa. In order to achieve the full benefits of REI, African countries must work to address the root causes of political instability. These include promoting good governance, strengthening institutions, and addressing economic inequality and poverty.