The Sahel States’ Withdrawal From Ecowas: Emerging Security Risks And Vulnerabilities For Nigeria

Abstract

The withdrawal of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) marks a critical juncture in West African regional politics, with far-reaching security implications for Nigeria. These Sahelian states, grappling with jihadist insurgencies and governed by military regimes, have distanced themselves from the ECOWAS framework, citing dissatisfaction with sanctions and political interference. This withdrawal threatens the integrity of regional security cooperation and creates new vulnerabilities, particularly for Nigeria, a key member state and regional power. This study examines the emerging security risks stemming from the departure, including porous border management, cross-border insurgency, illicit arms flow, and the weakening of collective defense mechanisms. Utilizing qualitative analysis through policy review, expert interviews, and secondary sources, the research explores how Nigeria's internal security is likely to be affected and proposes strategic responses to safeguard national and regional stability. The study argues that Nigeria must recalibrate its security and diplomatic posture to address the evolving security architecture in the Sahel and reinforce its leadership role within and beyond ECOWAS.